FISH PREFERENDUM
FISH PREFERENDUM
Practicum Reports
Prepared to fulfill duties of Ecology course
Lectured by Mr. Dr.Hadi Suwono, M.Sc. and
Mrs. Dr.Vivi Novianti, S.Si, M.Si.
By:
Offering A/ group 2
Aushofusy Syarifa Agustin 150341606815
Purwaning Rohmah 150341600847
Ruri Indarti 150341600730
Shela Emilia Permatasari 150341603981
STATE UNIVERSITY OF
MALANG
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS
AND NATURAL SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
April 2017
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Every living creature of exposure to
various abiotic environmental factors are always dynamic in both the scale of
space and time. Therefore, every living creature must be able to adapt to face
the abiotic environmental factors. However, animals can not live in the range
of abiotic factors widest. In principle, each animal has a specific range of
tolerance against abiotic environmental factors. This is stated in Shelford
Tolerance Law which states that every organism has a minimum and maximum
ecological, which is the lower limit and the upper limit of the tolerance range
of the organism to the conditions of environmental factors.
Genetically determined tolerance
range, but can be changed by the process of acclimatization (in nature) and
acclimation (in the laboratory). Acclimatization is an attempt by humans
to adjust the condition of environmental factors in the new artificial habitat.
Acclimation is human efforts to adjust the conditions of the animals
against certain environmental factors in the laboratory.
Therefore, to determine the
tolerance range or limit the effects of environmental factors on the survival
of living beings and determine what temperature range is most preferred by
these individuals it is necessary to preferendum observation.
1.2 Problem Formulation
1. How is the
limiting factor and temperature tolerance range against individuals based on
the phase distribution of live fish (juvenile, gravid and non-gravid)?
2. How fish preferendum temperature conditions?
3. How the
relation between influence acclimation to limiting effect and preferendum ?
1.3 Hypotheses
1. The limiting factor is temperature
2. The acclimation temperature and the life stage of
fish can influence the fish’s preference of temperature
3. There is least influence acclimation to limiting
effect dan preferendum
1.4 Purpose
1
Knowing the
limiting factor and temperature tolerance range against individuals based on
the phase distribution of live fish (juvenile, gravid and non-gravid).
2
Knowing the
fish preferendum temperature conditions.
3
Checking
whether there is influence acclimation to the effects of the restrictive and
preferendum.
1.5 Benefits
1.
To determine
the limiting factors and the range of temperature tolerance against individuals
based on the phase distribution of live fish (juvenile, gravid and non-gravid).
2.
To determine
the temperature conditions preferendum fish.
3.
To determine
the effect of acclimation to the effects of restricting and preferendum.
1.6 Operational Definition
1
Acclimatization.
Acclimatization is a man
committed to adjust animals on the condition of environmental factors in the
new artificial habitat.
2
Acclimation.
Acclimation is human efforts to
adjust the conditions of the animals against certain environmental factors in
the laboratory.
3
Preferendum.
Preferendum is the favorite animal of the specific environmental conditions.
4 Juvenile.
Juvenile fish are larval stages.
5
Gravid.
Gravid fish are at the stage of pregnancy (carrying eggs in their stomachs).
6 Non gravid.
Non gravid fish at this stage is not pregnant.
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Gatul
Fish (Poecilia reticulata)
Gatul (Poecilia reticulata), also known as millionsfish, is one of the
most popular freshwater fish in the world. This fish is a small part of the
family Poecilidae (female fish length of 4-6 cm, male 2,5- 3,5 cm) and like all
members of his family, these fish reproduce by giving birth. This fish in the
local language klataw (Agbayani, 2007).
Poecillia reticulata is a species of fish are able to
live and adapt in a place that has been contaminated (dirty). Moreover, in
India, Poecillia reticulate an effective biocontrol for the development of
mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus
Mass. Gatul fish (Poecillia reticulata
are predators of mosquitoes in dirty places (eg sewers) because the waste can
kill mosquito larvae (Djamal,1992).
Gatul male fish has characteristics slender body with
a relatively small size and length. There are a little red. In the male fish
are modified anal fin and pelvic fins that serve to deliver sperm into the
female's body. While on the female fish, larger body size with a relatively
short size and a darker color (Krohne, 1997).
2.2 Fish’s
Preferences
Adaptation is an individual's ability to cope with the
environment and use natural resources more to survive in niches occupied
(Afzalani, 2010). Every organism has the nature of adaptation to life in a wide
range of environmental conditions. There is some kind of adaptation, namely
adaptation morphological, physiological adaptation, and adaptation behavior.
Environmental factors are any factors that affect the
life of an organism in its development process. Factors generally divided into
factors that are physical and biological. Abiotic factors such as land, air,
space, stick to the medium where the animals, weather, climate and temperature.
While biotic factors, among others, plants and microbes that are around the
animal (Sukarsono, 2012).
Temperature is a measure of molecular movement energy.
Temperature is one factor that is important in regulating the process of life
and spread of the organism. Vital life processes that are collectively called
metabolism, dala serves only a relatively narrow temperature range is usually
between 0-40 0 C (Star, 2013).
Fish that have a great tolerance to temperature
changes are called euritermik. Conversely there is also a small tolerance,
called to be stenotermik. For example, fish in the sub-tropics and the poles
were able to tolerate low temperatures, while fish in the tropics like warm
temperatures. The optimum temperature required by the fish for growth.
Preference or favorite animals to environmental
conditions or certain foods is different in each organism. It is influenced by
many factors such as tolerance and adaptation to the environment. This is
useful for maintenance or cultivation of certain animals to determine
environmental and food preferences.
Spreading the animal species affected by environmental
conditions, both biotic factors and abiotiknya. Abiotic factors such as
temperature, climate, topography, the chemicals in the environment. Therefore,
the environment greatly affects the tendency of certain species to better
occupy the optimum environment for survival (Simanjuntak, 2009).
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH
METHODS
1.1 Location
Research is housed at the Laboratory of Ecology,
Department of Biology, State University of Malang.
1.2 Time
Time of this experiment takes place on Wednesday, 1
March 2017 and Thursday, 2 March 2017.
1.3 Equipment
and Materials
The equipment required in this study include the
aquarium, thermometer temperature, compartment, beaker glass, stove methylated,
small nets, aerators, water pump, stones and hoses, water bath, chiller, lap
desks, mop, measuring cups, buckets, cable and a plastic spoon.
While the materials needed are gatul fish (Poecilia
reticulata) juvenile phase, non-gravid and gravid as many as 250 tigers
respectively. In addition, it needed a little ice cubes, plastic bags, and
lighters.
1.4 Methods
4.3.1
Acclimatization
1. Perform Preparing
the bath water, chiller and aquariums.
2.
Pours water
into water baths and chiler using buckets.
3.
Clearing the
table from spills of water using a desk mop and floor from water spills using
floor cloth.
4.
Turning on
the water bhat carefully so as not surge.
5.
Set the
temperature of water bath at 30 ° C .
6.
Set the
temperature of Chiler at 20 ° C.
7.
Provide
aeration using aerator.
8.
Entering
fish (one kind) thereto not more than 100 individuals.
9.
Inserting
other types of fish to another aquarium.
10. Closing the
tank using a wire gauze.
11. Controlling the fish every morning and throw dead fish with nets and then
put in a plastic bag.
4.3.2 Treatment
1. Laying
compartment as flat as possible on the table.
2. Taking
thermometer and tie the middle using a rubber band.
3. Fill water
filled pond experiment that has been conditioned with gendapan pen overnight as
high as 3-4 cm (or measured with a measuring cup).
4. Insert the
thermometer into the compartment aperture set to the same height and do not
touch the compartment.
5. Laying the
spirit lamp compartment below the right part.
6. Turn on the
lights methylated using matchsticks set the height of the flame to touch the
base of the compartment and maintains the temperature so as not to exceed 35 °
C.
7. Taking a
bucket of ice cubes using frezer then put two pieces on the other (which is not
affected by the fire) compartment.
8. Drying the
wet table using a lap desk.
9. Viewing
thermometer to occur gradation temperature and record the temperature of each
thermometer.
10. Took 10
grafid of aquarium fish using nets and then inserted into the middle
compartment.
11. Wait 5-10
minutes and endeavored not move much so that the fish are not scared and move.
12. Viewing
every 5 minutes to 15 minutes.
13. Noting the
observations in the table has been provided.
14. Repeating
step No. 7 - No. 12 as much as 3 repetitions using different fish grafid.
15. Repeating
step No. 7 - No. 13 as much as 3 repetitions using non grafid and juvenile
fish.
CHAPTER IV
DATA AND
DISCUSSION
4.1 Data
Temperature of Aclimation: 20oC
The Fish Quantity At 5
Minutes After Treatment
 |
The Fish Quantity At 10
Minutes After Treatment
The Fish Quantity At 15
Minutes After Treatment
Temperature of Aclimation: 25oC
The Fish Quantity At 5
Minutes After Treatment
The Fish Quantity At 10
Minutes After Treatment
The Fish Quantity At 15
Minutes After Treatment
Temperature of Acclimation: 30oC
The Fish Quantity At 5 Minutes After Treatment
The Fish Quantity At 10
Minutes After Treatment
The Fish Quantity At 15
Minutes After Treatment
4.2 Analyze
Acclimation in fish Poecilia reticulata with
local names gatul, performed with three variations of temperature, 20ºC, 25ºC,
and 30ºC. Acclimation temperature of 20ºC is the treatment of fish to cold
temperatures, whereas in warmer temperatures 30ºC and given normal treatment
temperature to normal temperature as well as the ambient temperature is 25ºC.
Acclimation is done during the first day, it is to get the fish to the
treatment temperature. After the treatment the fish acclimation has been
familiarized with certain temperature and then do preferendum fatherly see a
tendency toward a preferred temperature or the right temperature for the fish
gatul. In preferendum fish gatul distinguished three phases which juvenile or
small fish, gravid phase or adult fish during the reproductive and non-gravid
phase or adult fish but do not initiate reproduction. Preferendum treatment is
done with a long time of 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes with repeat 3
times to minimize errors and resulting relationships acclimation
temperature and temperature preferendum in each phase of the development of the
fish.
4.2.1 Acclimation temperature of 20 º C
a.
Preferendum for 5 Minutes
In
acclimation temperature of 20ºC or cool for 5 minutes mostly fish prefers the
central part of the compartment is at a temperature of 20s ° C but the fish
hanging out with phase gravid prefers the colder temperatures, 50% of the fish
gathered at a temperature of 21ºC as many as 5 individuals while in temperature
22ºC, there are no fish and at a temperature of 23ºC found only one of the
tail, ie the gravid phase and at a temperature of 24ºC instead found only 2
fish with non-gravid phase. The third phase of the fish at the same time can be
found at a temperature of 25ºC with gravid phase as many as three tails,
non-gravid phase 2 tails and fish with juvenile phase there is only one tail.
Meanwhile, at a temperature of 26ºC only found fish with non-gravid phase 3
tail number. The third phase of the fish at the same time can also be found at
a temperature of 27ºC with the highest number of phases juvenit, 4 heads, in
the non-gravid phase as many as three tails, and the gravid phase found only
one tail only. Phase juvenile fish for 5 minutes at a temperature of 28ºC
dominate as much as 4 heads and another phase it is not found at a temperature
of 28ºC. At a temperature of 29ºC, 30ºC and 31ºC did not find fish in any
phase.
In acclimation temperature of 20ºC or cold for 10
minutes most of the fish prefers the central part of the compartment is at a temperature
of 20s ° C but the fish hanging out with phase gravid still prefers the colder
temperatures, over 50% of the fish gathered at a temperature of 21ºC as many as
6 tails and only found juvenile phase 1 ikansaja tail, whereas at 22ºC
temperature did not find any fish and at a temperature of 23ºC found only one
of the tail, or the stage gravid. At a temperature of 24ºC instead found only 2
fish with non-gravid phase. Meanwhile, at a temperature of 25ºC only found fish
with non-gravid phase 3 tail number. The third phase of the fish at the same
time can be found at a temperature of 26ºC with gravid phase 1 tail, non-gravid
phase 3 tails and fish with juvenile phase 2 tails. At a temperature of 27ºC
number of juvenile phase with only one tail non-gravid phase 2 tails. Phase
juvenile fish dominate for 10 minutes at a temperature of 28ºC as much as 6
tails and other phases it is not found at a temperature of 28ºC. At a
temperature of 29ºC was discovered first phase of gravid fish but the 30ºC and
31ºC had not found the fish in any phase.
c.
Preferendum for 15 Minute
The general pattern of the acclimation temperature of
20ºC or cold for 15 minutes more spesik winnowing phase where gravid fish
prefers the colder temperatures, the fish with the phase of non-gravid prefer
pa. da nomal temperature and more juvenile phase nenyukai ika warmer
temperatures. Fish gatul with gravid phase came together at a temperature of
21ºC as many as four tails, at a temperature of 22ºC found gravid phase 2 tails
and each 1 tail spread at a temperature of 23ºC, 24ºC, 26ºC, and at a
temperature of 28 ºC. While the fish with non-gravid phase more myenangi normal
room temperature is sebanya two tails at 24 ºC, 3 heads at 25ºC, 3 tails at a
temperature of 26ºC and at a temperature of 27ºC found senayak 2 fish. Fish
with a dominant juvenile phase at a temperature of 28ºC and 29ºC respectively
of 4 individuals and 2 others tesebar each still 1 at colder temperatures are
21ºC and 25ºC.
4.2.2 Acclimation temperature of 25º C
a.
Preferendum for 5 Minute
At
a temperature of 25ºC or acclimation temperature for 5 minutes Ruan looks more
even results preferendum more spesik phase where gravid fish prefers the colder
temperatures, the fish with the phase of non-gravid prefer pa. da nomal
temperature and more juvenile phase nenyukai ika warmer temperatures. Fish
gatul with gravid phase came together at a temperature of 21ºC as many as four
tails, at a temperature of 22ºC found gravid phase 2 tails and each 1 tail spread
at a temperature of 23ºC, 24ºC, 26ºC, and at a temperature of 28 ºC. While the
fish with non-gravid phase more myenangi normal room temperature is sebanya two
tails at 24 ºC, 3 heads at 25ºC, 3 tails at a temperature of 26ºC and at a
temperature of 27ºC found senayak 2 fish. Fish with a dominant juvenile phase
at a temperature of 28ºC and 29ºC respectively of 4 individuals and 2 others
tesebar each still 1 at colder temperatures are 21ºC and 25ºC.
b.
Preferendum for 10 Minute
In acclimation temperature of 25ºC or temperature Ruan
for 10 minutes seemed to result preferendum where fish phase of gravid more
evenly distributed at room temperatures and warmer, while fish with a phase of
non-gravid more spread good pda cooler temperatures and warmer and the fish
phase also more liked normal temperatures and warmer than the cold. Fish gatul
with more collected gravid phase at a temperature of 25ºC as much as 2 heads, 2
tails temperature of 26ºC and at a temperature of 27ºC increases the number of fish
that are found there are 3 1 fish. Meanwhile, at a temperature of 29ºC only 1
phase gravid fish and at temperatures above 30ºC and 31ºC had not found fish
gravid phase. as many as four tails, at a temperature of 22ºC found gravid
phase as much. While the fish with non-gravid phase can be found spread in
warmer temperatures are 27ºC there are two tails, at a temperature of 28ºC,
29ºC and 30ºC respectively found only one tail. Besides fish phase of
non-gravid can also be found in colder temperatures, namely at a temperature of
21ºC is 1 fish and at a temperature of 22ºC found two fish, while at a
temperature of 23 was not found fish any phase and at 24ºC rediscovered fish
phase of non-gravid 2 tails. Fish with juvenile phase can be found at cold
temperatures are 21ºC there is only one tail only sedagkan at a temperature of
22ºC, 23ºC and 24ºC did not reveal any phase of juvenile fish. At a temperature
of 25ºC and 26ºC started to find juvenile fish each phase 2 tails and at a
temperature of 27ºC and 28ºC also did not reveal any phase of juvenile fish.
Then, at a temperature of 29ºC found fish juvenile phase 2 tails and 1 head at
30ºC. While the temperature above 31ºC are no fish to be found in any phase.
c.
Preferendum for 15 Minute
In
preferendum for 15 minutes of acclimation phase 25ºC Number of juvenile fish
amounted to only nine tails, fish juvenile phase is getting more common in the
cold side of the compartment that is found to 7 mice at a temperature of 21ºC
and two tails at a temperature of 22ºC. whereas fish with non-gravid phase
prefers warmer temperatures are one tail at a temperature of 26ºC and most
commonly found in 27ºC temperatures as much as 4 tails. While the non-gravid
fish more ang tesebar one tail at a temperature of 28ºC and two tails at a
temperature of 29ºC. In the phase of gravid fish instead looked more even at a
temperature of 23ºC, 24ºC, and 25ºC respectively 1 tail. Then there are three
phases of gravid fish at a temperature of 26ºC and decreased the number becomes
2 tails and 1 head respectively at a temperature of 27ºC and 28ºC, up to the
temperature of 29ºC remained one tail, and above the temperature tersubt fish
had not found any phase.
4.2.3 Acclimation temperature of 30 º C
a.
Preferendum for 5 Minute
In acclimation warmer temperatures are 30ºC then
preferendum show fare juveil fish with tails are a number 3 at a temperature of
21ºC and 2 fish at a temperature of 22ºC, then the spread of juvenile fish that
are in the phase of warmer temperatures are 29ºC temperature some 5 tails.
While the fish with a phase of non-gravid
more spread at normal temperature, at a temperature of 23ºC
found only one tail and then as many as 4 heads, 3 heads and one tails
successively occupy temperature 24ºC, 25ºC, and 26ºC, above these temperatures
not found fish with non-gravid phase. While the fish with the phase gravid just
spread at warmer temperatures are straight
in suhu25ºC, 25ºC, 26ºC, 27ºC, 28ºC, 29ºC and 30ºC as 1tails, 2 tails, 1
head, 3 heads, one head and two tails. While at a temperature of 31ºC not found
any fish at all phases of fish gatul.
b.
Preferendum for 10 Minute
In acclimation 30ºC for 10 minutes preferendum results
indicate the presence of specific condition each phase. Juvenile phase more
clusters at colder temperatures, namely at a temperature of 21ºC 90% or as much
as 9 tails and at a temperature of 22 ºC there is only one phase of juvenile
fish. While at normal temperatures dominated by non-gravid phase occupying the
compartment with a temperature of 24ºC, 25ºC, 26ºC, 27ºC and 28ºC by the number
of fish that are found in a row as much as 2 heads, 3 heads, 3 heads, two tails
and one tail. At warmer temperatures between 27ºC to 30ºC occupied by fish
gravid phase in which one tail at a temperature of 27ºC, 4 heads at 28ºC, two
tails at 29ºC at 30ºC can be found 3 phase gravid fish. While at a temperature
of 31ºC did not reveal any presence of fish.
c.
Preferendum for 15 Minute
During the 15-minute treatment with the fish
preferendum acclimation treatment over 30ºC
indicates a certain temperature specifications in each phase gatul fish.
At colder temperatures juvenile phase
dominates at 21ºC temperature of 7 animals and 2 tails the other is at a
temperature of 22ºC. While at normal room temperature is 25ºC, 26ºC, and 27ºC
respectively are 4 heads, 4 heads and one tails that are exclusively fish gatul
on non-gravid phase. Fish with more gravid phase gathered at a temperature of
28ºC 2 tails, at a temperature of 29ºC for 3 tails and at 30ºC found a number
of phases 5 gatul gravid fish, while at a temperature above that temperature is
31ºC there is no single fish.
4.3 Discussion
4.3.1
Acclimation temperature at 200C
a.
Preferation due 5 minutes
On this
preference is used 3 types of gravid fish phase , non
gravid and juvenil. When the first 5 minutes obtained
results more gravid fish were cold areas i.e. 20°C
to 21°C, this is because the fish have been at acclimation in cold
temperatures before so that the fish have been accustomed
to at other things though, the jug on a fish
karena phase has a high sensitivity gravid against
temperature so that the fish will adjust the temperature with optimal
temperatures have been made on aklimasi for a day of it:
with a temperature of 20 ° c. On phase juvenil and non
gravid fish were more pleased at the middle of the compartment that is 27 ° c,
because at the time of juvenil fish being able to adapt quickly and easily on
the temperature-the temperature of tertenru, it is with regard to the
capability and range the fish’s termoregulation.
b.
Preferation due 10 minutes
On preferandum for 10 minutes obtained results
not much different, but here the fish from different phases tend to choose and to low temperature
in the temperature range is 21 ° c to 26 ° c, as evidenced by the gravid fish
were originally five fish that are on the verge of bottom fish into 6
compartments . such things can happen because the fish has
undergone acclimation with a relatively low temperature,
so that when placed in the disc compartment will then tend
to select lower temperature.
c.
Preferation due 15 minutes
On the
preferences for 15 minutes the results obtained
vary, i.e. fish gravid at a temperature of 21 °
c to 28 ° c, non gravid fish 24 ° c to
27 ° c, and fish juvenil 21 ° c to 29 ° c. Range so far
this is relative because the fish is
placed in the compartment began to get used
to its optimum temperature, so that
the fish from different phases it has had its
own optimal temperature. But most of the fish are indeed the
most are still at a relatively low temperature (cold), because these fish have
been given treatment acclimation with low temperature, but at the moment it is
put into the compartment of the fish have started to do variations and test the
temperature of the body's physiological tolerance against thermoregulasi.
But,the fish results obtained tetpa juvenil thermoregulasi range have the
highest
In
this practical work, errors may
occur, i.e. on the tendency of praktikan release the
fish into the disc compartment on side in particular, or
because of movement and sound environment of fish in
a compartment Between the animal and its surroundings there
are reciprocal relationships that influence each other.
Not just a great course environment
influence about animals success for a living,
and depression, but rather, the environment may
be changed due to the presence and impact of the
activities of animal’s life. Environmental factors that
could give animal welfare dan changes of condition
occurs on several environmental
factors alone. Environmental factor like this is what was
then known as the environment for animal resources
(Sukarsono, 2012).
In
addition, the temperature is also very important for the
life of the organism in the water, because the
temperature affects both the activity as well as the
breeding of organisme tersebut. Therefore, it is no
wonder if encountered various jenis
ikan contained in various places in the world to have
a certain tolerance against temperature (Burnie,
2005). There are several species of fish that has
tolerance to temperature
changes, called euryterm, are on the contrary there is
also that little toleration , are called
stenoterm (Sumarwoto, 2001).
4.3.2
Acclimation temperature at 250C
On
acclimation temperature 25ºC or room temperature for 5 minutes shows
preferendum result where gravid fish phase more diepersed at room temperature
that is between 24-26ºC which most fish are at the temperature 24ºC, non-gravid
fish phase more spreads in cold, room (intermediate), and warm temperature,
while juvenile fish phase more spread on the temperature range 21-25ºC where
the most fish were gathered on the temperature 23ºC.
At the time
10 minutes, the preferendum results shows that gravid fish phase is more
dispersed evenly at room and warm temperature, while fish with phase non-gravid
more nicely spread at many temperature, that are colder and warmer and juvenile
fish phase also prefer normal temperatures and more warmer that on cold
temperature.
At the time
15 minutes, the preferensum results shows that gravid fish phase prefer to be
in the temperature range 23-29ºC where the most prefer at temperature 26ºC,
non-gravid fish phase prefers warm temperature namely the range 26-29ºC where
the most prefer at temperature 27ºC , and juvenile fish phase prefer at cold
temperature that was between temperature 21-22ºC.
According to
Yonandre (2010), gathul fish can live naturally in the cold water temperatures
that is 22,5ºC, and hot environment which has temperature between 30ºC.
Commonly, gathul fish can live in water
which has temperature between 20-30ºC. From the results of acclimation at
temperature 25ºC, it is obviously shows that gravid fish phase has a little
temperature range. They mostly prefer in the range of room temperature. Since
they are in pregnancy phase, they have less adaptation ability so thet’s why
they prefer preferendum in which has similar temperature with its acclimation
(25ºC). Non-gravid fish phase has large enough temperature range. They can
spread in warmer, room, or colder temperature that its acclimation temperature
which at 25ºC. They are in the adult phase which have good adaptation and good
metabolism , that’s why they could spread in wide range of temperature.
Juvenile fish phase has a little temperature range that is in the cold-room
temperature. This condition suits them because they are still at kid phase
which has fragile body and weak metabolism. They still learning on how to adapt
with environment and warmer place did not suits them because it affects in
their metabolism.
4.3.3 Acclimation temperature at 300C
The discussion in this lab samples
used are guppies because these fish have a relatively small body size, cold-blooded,
their movements are easily observed, as well as easy to regulate the
temperature of its environment. These fish are small ornamental fish species
that are easily found in the market. Preferences temperature involves many
physiological functions in maintaining homeostasis, with homeostasis as a
self-regulatory mechanism to keep going on the stability of the internal
environment in response to external environmental conditions that can be
changed.
Acclimation in fish Poecilia reticulate with local names
gatul in warmer temperatures given 30ºC After the treatment the fish
acclimation has been familiarized with certain temperature and then do
preferendum fatherly see a tendency toward a preferred temperature or the right
temperature for the fish gatul. In preferendum fish gatul distinguished three
phases which juvenile or small fish, gravid phase or adult fish during the
reproductive and non-gravid phase or adult fish but do not initiate
reproduction Preferendum for 5 Minutes
In acclimation warm temperature is 30ºC then preferendum show fare juvenil fish with tails are a number 3 at a temperature of 21ºC and two tails at a temperature of 22ºC, then the spread of juvenile fish that are in the phase of warmer temperatures are 29ºC temperature some 5 tails. While the fish with a phase of non-gravid more spread at normal temperature, at a temperature of 23ºC found only one tail and then as many as 4 heads, 3 heads and one tails successively occupy temperature 24ºC, 25ºC, and 26ºC, above these temperatures suda not found fish with non-gravid phase. While the fish with the phase gravid just spread at warmer temperatures are straight-turu in suhu25ºC, 25ºC, 26ºC, 27ºC, 28ºC, 29ºC and 30ºC as 1, 2 tails, 1 head, 3 heads, one head and two tails. While at temperature of 31ºC no one of all gatul fish’s phase was found. Preferendum for 10 Minutes in acclimation 30ºC for 10 minutes preferendum results indicate the specific conditions of each Fasse. Juvenile phase more clusters at colder temperatures, namely at a temperature of 21ºC 90% or as much as 9 tails and at a temperature of 22 ºC there is only one phase of juvenile fish. While at normal temperatures dominated by non-gravid phase occupying the compartment with a temperature of 24ºC, 25ºC, 26ºC, 27ºC and 28ºC by the number of fish that are found in a row as much as 2 heads, 3 heads, 3 heads, two tails and one tail. At warmer temperatures between 27ºC to 30ºC occupied by fish gravid phase in which one tail at a temperature of 27ºC, 4 heads at 28ºC, two tails at 29ºC at 30ºC can be found 3 phase gravid fish. While at a temperature of 31ºC did not reveal any presence of fish.Preferendum for 15 Minutes during the 15-minute treatment with the fish preferendum treatment over 30ºC indicates a certain temperature specifications in each phase gatul fish.
In acclimation warm temperature is 30ºC then preferendum show fare juvenil fish with tails are a number 3 at a temperature of 21ºC and two tails at a temperature of 22ºC, then the spread of juvenile fish that are in the phase of warmer temperatures are 29ºC temperature some 5 tails. While the fish with a phase of non-gravid more spread at normal temperature, at a temperature of 23ºC found only one tail and then as many as 4 heads, 3 heads and one tails successively occupy temperature 24ºC, 25ºC, and 26ºC, above these temperatures suda not found fish with non-gravid phase. While the fish with the phase gravid just spread at warmer temperatures are straight-turu in suhu25ºC, 25ºC, 26ºC, 27ºC, 28ºC, 29ºC and 30ºC as 1, 2 tails, 1 head, 3 heads, one head and two tails. While at temperature of 31ºC no one of all gatul fish’s phase was found. Preferendum for 10 Minutes in acclimation 30ºC for 10 minutes preferendum results indicate the specific conditions of each Fasse. Juvenile phase more clusters at colder temperatures, namely at a temperature of 21ºC 90% or as much as 9 tails and at a temperature of 22 ºC there is only one phase of juvenile fish. While at normal temperatures dominated by non-gravid phase occupying the compartment with a temperature of 24ºC, 25ºC, 26ºC, 27ºC and 28ºC by the number of fish that are found in a row as much as 2 heads, 3 heads, 3 heads, two tails and one tail. At warmer temperatures between 27ºC to 30ºC occupied by fish gravid phase in which one tail at a temperature of 27ºC, 4 heads at 28ºC, two tails at 29ºC at 30ºC can be found 3 phase gravid fish. While at a temperature of 31ºC did not reveal any presence of fish.Preferendum for 15 Minutes during the 15-minute treatment with the fish preferendum treatment over 30ºC indicates a certain temperature specifications in each phase gatul fish.
At colder temperatures juvenile phase
dominates at 21ºC temperature of 7 animals and 2 tails the other is at a
temperature of 22ºC. While at normal room temperature is 25ºC, 26ºC, and 27ºC
respectively are 4 heads, 4 heads and one tails that are exclusively fish gatul
on non-gravid phase. Fish with more gravid phase gathered at a temperature of
28ºC 2 tails, at a temperature of 29ºC for 3 tails and at 30ºC found a number
of phases 5 gatul gravid fish, while at a temperature above that temperature is
31ºC there is no single fish.
In this acclimation temperature has seen the highest number of fish are at ambient temperatures of 27 ° C - 30 ° C. In accordance with aklimasinya high temperature is expected most of the fish from the treatment acclimation in hot temperatures (30 ° C) when it is released in the medium (compartment with the environment created) will swim towards temperatures similar to those previously acclimation.
In this acclimation temperature has seen the highest number of fish are at ambient temperatures of 27 ° C - 30 ° C. In accordance with aklimasinya high temperature is expected most of the fish from the treatment acclimation in hot temperatures (30 ° C) when it is released in the medium (compartment with the environment created) will swim towards temperatures similar to those previously acclimation.
In the 5th minute look compartment 7
is still a lively station frequented by fish gatul, with a temperature of 27.5
° C. there is still headed toward the cold temperatures (compartment 1 and 2),
but not as much as visiting the compartment 6. In this case the physiological
control processes gatul fish begins.In the 10th minute, the fish that were in
the compartment first move to other compartments, namely compartment 7.
However, the average number of fish that were there outnumbered by existing in
the compartment 6. This is because the temperature in the compartment 6 is
considered safe for fish gatul to survive. As Muñoz et al. (2012) that usually
organisms that are in a hot environment is potentially less fecundity.
Fecundity alone is an ability of any organism to be able to produce children
(breed).
Towards the end, it appears the fish
have spread more evenly, especially in compartment 5 and 8 with a temperature
of 25 ° C and 32.5 ° C. There are a small part Padda compartment 1 and
compartment 4.To put it simply that over time these observations, the fish perform
a process of adaptation to the environment temperature. This adaptation process
includes physiological processes and behavior that prefer to live in areas that
have a relatively moderate temperature (not hot or cold). Where hot and cold is
also an upper limit and a lower limit of a tolerance that gatul fish.
From the results in the 15th
minute was more assured that the
fish chose to dwell in temperate environments,
because of their upper and
lower limits of factors
previously discussed. Then, the
longer it goes, the
more evenly spread of fish as well, seen
from the diagram that has been
made that this
gatul fish distibusi spread to
various compartments.
CLOSING
5.1 Conclusion
1. Provision acclimatization
treatment (the temperature limitations) in fish Poecilia sp.berpengaruh against the spread of fish behavior.
2.
Conditions preferendumnya temperature of Poecilia
sp. Having an optimum temperature in the range of 25-27 ° C.
3. The effect of acclimatization of
the fish Poecilia sp. Preferendum
effect on the fish, the time preferendum also affect the results of experiments
that have been tested.
4.
Juvenille fish is the largest in thermoregulation range
5. Gravid fish is the shortest in
thermoregulation range
6. Almostly,
fish like low themperacture because have been aclimation in low therm 20 oC.
5.2 Suggestion
- For laboratories, should provide tools and materials lab even more, so the lab can take place smoothly.
- Reader is expected can keep the environment, especially animals on the ground
REFFERENCES
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Muñoz, N.J. Ross, D.B. Bryan, D. N. 2012. The Metabolic, Locomotor And
Sex-Dependent Effects Of Elevated Temperature On Trinidadian Guppies: Limited
Capacity For Acclimation. Journal of Experimental Biology. (Online),
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693028) diakses pada 14 Februari 2015.
Krohne, D.T.
1997. General Ecology. USA: ITP.
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Star. 2013. Biologi, Kesatuan dan
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Sumarwoto,
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Pelita Mas : Bogor
Terimakasih laporannya sangat membantu untuk memahami tentang suhu preferendum . Tetap semangat menulis yaa
BalasHapuswoah, this is a nice information. the fellow student from the same department can see this information
BalasHapuswah terima kasih... bisa jadi referensi saya ketika membuat laporan tentang preferensi pada kadal
BalasHapus